• Ngo yari agiye kuba umupilote • Ibibazo bikomeye yahuye nabyo aza mu Rwanda • Yanywereye muri Hotel Kiyovu bwa mbere afite imyaka 20

Ntibyoroshye ko buri wese abasha kubona umwanya wo gusoma igitabo cy’impapuro 200 cyangwa izirengaho; n’uwabona uwo mwanya ashobora kugira ingorane zo kutabasha gusoma icyo gitabo bitewe no kutamenya ururumi; n’uwaba azi indimi zombi (Igifaransa, Icyongereza n’ikinyarwanda) hari igihe atabasha kubona icyo gitabo yifuza gusoma. Nk’uko twabyiyemeje mu kinyamakuru Ihame tuzajya tubasomera ibitabo tugeze kubasomyi bacu incamake y’ibikubiyemo. Mu ncamake tuzajya tugerageza gusangiza abasomyi bacu ibyo batari bazi ibikubiye muri ibyo bitabo. Tuzahera ku bitabo bishishikaje byanditswe n’abanyarwanda.

Uyu twabahitiyemo kubagezaho amabanga 30 y’ubuzima bwa perezida Paul Kagame, urugamba rwa RPA n’ingoma ya RPF; nk’uko yabyihishuriye umwanditsi Stephen Kinzer akabyandikamo igitabo yise “A Thousand Hills: Rwanda’s Rebirth and the Man Who Dreamed It.” Iki gitabo kirimo amabanga menshi utari uzi ku buryo kuyamenya biteye amatsiko menshi.Birumvikana ko hari ukwivuga ibigwi kwa Paul Kagame. Reka ntabarambiye duhere ku ibanga rya mbere nk’uko yabibwiye uwanditse iki gitabo.




Ibanga rya 1:




Amateka ya Paul Kagame atangira tariki 06 Ugushingo 1959, ubwo umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa yamenyaga ko ubuzima bw’umuryango w’iwabo wari mukaga akaboherereza imodoka ye ngo ijye kubakura aho bari batuye i Tambwe muri Gitarama ikabazana ibwami i Nyanza. Ubwo hari hashize iminsi 3 hatangiye ubwicanyi. Kuri uwo munsi bari batewe n’amagana y’abahutu bitwaje ibyuma, imihoro, amacumu n’ibindi. Iyi modoka ikiri mu nzira iki gitero cyamenye ko ari imodoka y’Umwami ije guhungisha umuryango w’iwabo wa Paulo Kagame (HE) cyane ko imodoka zari zikiri nkeya icyo gihe. Igitero cyahise cyihutira gutanga iyo modoka ariko ntibyakunda baje kuhagera umushoferi yamaze kujyana uwo muryango wose. Paul Kagame, bashiki be n’abavandimwe, n’ababyeyi be baba barokotse ubwicanyi batyo. Nyuma y’ibyumweru 8 bari aho ibwami Nyanza, nyina wa HE (Asteria) yaje gufata icyemezo cyo gusubira murugo i Tambwe kuko ubwicanyi bwasaga naho bwahosheje. Nyuma y’amezi 6 gusa batashye, hongeye kuba ubwicanyi bongera gutera iwabo wa HE, bongera guhungira ibwami ariko kuri iyi nshuro nyina wa HE yari yamaze gufata umwanzuro wo guhunga bityo ahungira mumajyaruguru y’u Rwanda hafi y’umupaka wa Uganda muri bene wabo bari bahatuye. Se wa HE, Deogratias, wari umaze iminsi atari iwe, aha mumajyaruguru niho yaje gusanga urugo rwe nawe muburyo bwihuse yemeza ko bagomba kwambuka bagahungira Uganda. Bambukanye ibikapu bike birimo imyenda y’abana.
Ibanga rya 2:
Bakimara kwambuka umupaka ubuyobozi bwa Uganda bwaje kubafata bubatwara ahitaruye umupaka w’u Rwanda, aha Uganda baje kw’isanga muzindi mpunzi zibarirwa mubihumbi cumi birenga. Buri nyuma y’icyumweru cyangwa bibili babahaga iposho rigizwe n’ibishimbo n’ifu;indi minsi byabasabaga kwishakira imibereho. Bene wabo basigaye mu Rwanda baje kubafasha gutwara bashiki ba HE 2 bakabajyana iburayi. HE uko ababyeyi bari babasigaranye ari 4 -abakobwa 2 n’abahungu 2bafashaga kuvoma no gushaka inkwi.






Ibanga rya 3:
Aho batuye bwa mbere mu nkambi y’impunzi muri District ya Ankole,Paul Kagame yaje kuhamenyanira n’umwana witwaga Fred Gisa Rwigema kugeza ubwo baje kwimukira muri District ya Toro. Abantu benshi bacyekaga ko bavukana kubera ukuntu batatandukanaga, aho umwe yabaga ari akenshi niho nundi yabaga ari. Kimwe mubintu bakundaga icyo gihe ni kumva inkuru z’urugamba rw’inyenzi n’andi mateka kuko kenshi bakundaga gusanga umwe mubasaza bari bararwanye intambara y’inyenzi babanaga aho mu nkambi akababwira inkuru z’uko urugamba rw’inyenzi rwagenze. Kumva izo nkuru z’ibitero by’Inyenzi zo mu 1960, akenshi, buri wa gatandatu Kagame na Rwigema bajyaga murutoki bagakina bigana ibitero by’Inyenzi; bifashishije imitumba y’insina nk’imbunda.
Nubwo bari inshuti magara mubwana bwabo, Kagame na Rwigema bari bafite itandukaniro ritari rito. Dore uko uyu mwanditsi avuga, k’urupapuro rwa 13, kuri iryo tandukaniro :”Paul was highly intelligent but sullen and withdrawn, liable to explode and fight at any moment. He rarely smiled and projected such an air of seriousness that  even older people curbed their rowdiness and rough language when he entered a room.” Tugenekereje n’ukuvuga ko Paul Kagame, mu bwana bwe yari azi ubwenge atuje ariko agaragara ko yagira amahane ashotowe.Yasekaga gake cyane kandi agaceceka cyane kuburyo byabangamiraga abantu bakuru. Naho kuri Fred Rwigema, uyu mwanditsi aragira ati:” Fred was exuberant and charismatic.His ready grin and outgoing manner won him many friends. He was handsome, suave and seductive, unlike his thin, gangly friend.Girls flocked around him and boys wanted to be like him.” Tugenekereje bivuze ko Fred, we, yasabanaga na bose akarangwa n’ibineza neza n’igikundiro kuburyo abakobwa bamukundaga cyane bakamwirukaho n’abasore bakumva bifuje kugira igikundiro nk’icye.




Ibanga rya 4:
Abana bose b’impunzi z’abanyarwanda zigaga mu nkambi; Paul Kagame yaje kugaragaza umurava mumyigire bituma ageze muwa gatatu aza kwemererwa kwiga mu ishuli ryiza rya Rwengoro Primary School ryari kukilometero 1 n’igice uvuye mu nkambi aho yari atuye. Yarangije afite amanota ya mbere mu karere yari atuyemo.Ibi ntibyari byoroshye kuko abana bose b’abanyarwanda boherezwaga kwishyuri kugira ngo bige bashizeho umwete bazabashe gucyura ababyeyi babo i Rwanda.
Ayo manota meza yabonye yamufashije guhabwa ishuli muri rimwe mumashuri meza yisumbuye yo muri Uganda ariryo Ntare School. Gusa ameze kugera muri iyi primaire yaje gutangaza abantu kuko atari akishishikajwe cyane no kwiga. Ku myaka 15 yaje gupfusha papa we. Mu mashuri umwe mubiganye nawe yatangarije uyu mwanditsi ko Paul Kagame yabanzaga gutekereza cyane kubintu mbere y’uko agira icyo akora. Mu mwaka 1976, undi muntu wari ingirakamaro cyane mubuzima bwe, inshuti ye magara Fred Rwigema, yaje kuburirwa irengero.
Ubushake buke bwo kwiga byatumye ahagarikwa ku ishuri bibangombwa ko ajya kurangiriza amashuri ye kuri Old Kampala Secondary School, aha byari bimaze kugaragarira benshi ko ari indwanyi kandi witeguye kurwanya umuntu wese wagaragazaga ko adakunda abanyarwanda. Dore uko yabibwiye Stephen Kinzer k’urupapuro rwa 15:”I started feeling, in my thinking and whole being, very rebellious. I wanted to rebel against everything in life. I felt some kind of undefined anger. There was something I wanted to overcome, but I didn’t know what it was.”




Tugenekereje aragira ati: numvaga, mubitekerezo byanjye no muri jye, nigometse. Numvaga nagumukiye buri kintu. Niyumvagamo umujinya ntabasha gusobanura. Hari ikintu numvaga nshaka kugeraho ariko ntazi mubyukuri icyo aricyo.
Ibanga rya 5:
Ukwezi kumwe nyuma yo kurangizanya amanota atamushimishije, amashuri yisumbuye Paul Kagame yigiriye inama yo gusubira mu ishuri kugira ngo agerageze ashake uko yabona amanota meza. Kuko byasabaga amafaranga yagiye Kampala gushake mwene wabo wabagayo kugira ngo amugezeho icyo kibazo, uwo nyirasenge ntacyo yamumariye arataha.
Yaje kumenya ko hari undi mwene wabo wafashaga abanyarwanda kubona buruse zo kujya kwiga mubusuwisi (Switzerland) ajya kumusaba ko nawe yamufasha akabona iyo buruse. Uyu nawe ntacyo yaje kumumarira kuko yaje koherezayo abandi bana batatu, Paul Kagame arasigara. Paul Kagame yabibwiye uyu mwanditsi muri aya magambo: “Yoherejeyo abandi bana batatu kujya kwiga. Ntabwo ari uko bandushaga amanota meza ahubwo n’uko aribo yiyumvagamo. Birashoboka ko iyo nza gukomeza kumutitiriza no kumuhatiriza nanjye yari kumfasha nkagenda. Muri kamere yanjye sinkunda gutitiriza no guhatiriza.”




Uburyo bwa gatatu bwaje kumushishikaza n’itangazo rya East African Airlines ryo mu mwaka 1977 ryashakaga abapilote bashya icumi. Mubasabye iyo myanya barenga ijana Paul Kagame yaje gutsinda ikizami bahawe aboneka muri abo icumi bari bakenewe. Nabyo ntibyamuhiriye kuko umuyobozi w’icyo kigo yaje kumusohora nyuma yo kumwitegereza agasanga ari umunyarwanda amubuza kubona uwo mwanya yari yatsindiye wo kuba umupilote utwara indege.
Amaze kuzuza imyaka 20, muburyo butoroshye yaje gutega tagisi aza mu Rwanda i Kigali ari kumwe n’umwe muri bene wabo wari avuye kwiga muri Czechoslovakia. Uru rugendo ntirwabaye rwiza kuko rwaje kubaviramo gufungwa igihe kirenze umwaka mu Rwanda. Amaze kurekurwa yatangiye gutembera muri Kigali yari mu nkuru. Nkuko yabitangarije uyu mwanditsi, yakundaga gutemberera muri Hotel Kiyovu akicara wenyine akanywa fanta. Aha muri Hotel Kiyovu hakundaga kunywera abayobozi, abanyepolitike, n’abapolisi bityo byatumaga ahamenyera amakuru bitewe n’ibiganiro byabo bahanyweraga. Kuri iyi nshuro ya mbere yahamaze ibyumweru bitandantu.
Nyuma y’umwaka yaje kongera kugaruka mu Rwanda; kuri iyi nshuro yageze no mubiturage. Nibwo yatangiye kugira igitekerezo cyo gutaha mu Rwanda ndetse atangira kugiganiriza bagenzi be b’impunzi banibaza icyo bakora kugira ngo bacyure ababyeyi babo. Mu gihe yari acyibaza byinshi kucyakorwa kugira ngo bave mubuhunzi yaje kumva inkuru nziza. Iyo nkuru yamumenyeshaga ko Fred Rwigema akiriho kandi ko yamushakaga ko amusanga Fort Portal. Atazuyaje Paul Kagame yamusanzeyo, amubwira ko abantu ba Yoweri Museveni aribo baje kumusaba ko bafatanya urugamba rwo guhirika umunyagitugu Idi Amini.
Uku kongera guhura kwabo Paul Kagame yabibwiye uyu mwanditsi ati:” guhura kwacu kwaranzwe n’ibyishimo umuntu atabona uko asobanura. Sinzi mubyukuri uko nabisobanura gusa byari bishyushye. Byari ibintu byihariye.Ntanumwe muri twembi yabitekerezaga, birashoboka ko Fred yumvaga azasanga narapfuye. Nanjye numvaga ntazongera kubona Fred. Byari ibintu bishishikaje cyane. Twamaze igihe kinini turi kumwe, tuganira byinshi bitandukanye, tunararana mucyumba kimwe. Twari dufite byinshi byo kuganira.” Paul Kagame yaje kujyanwa mumahugurwa ya gisirikare muri Tanzania ayamaramo umwaka urenga.




Ibanga rya 6:
Tariki 6 Gashyantare 1981, nyuma ya sasita z’ijoro ingabo za Yoweri Museveni zagabye igitero cyabo cya mbere k’umugi wa Kabamba, iki gitero cyari kigizwe n’abasirikare 27 bafite imbunda na 14 badafite ibirwanisho. Bose uko bari 41 harimo abanyarwanda 2 bonyine aribo Paul Kagame na Fred Rwigema. Iki gitero cyatumye babasha kubohoza bimwe mubikoresho bya gisirikare bari bakeneye. Ijoro ryakurikiyeho bateye ikigo cya polisi babasha kwigarurira ububiko bw’intwaro zigendanwa. Ibyo bitero ninako byakomeje mubyumweru 8 byakurikiyeho. Muri iyi ntambara niho yaje kugaragaza ko ashobora gukora neza akazi k’iperereza(intelligence work) aza kubifashwamo n’uko yari acecetse (adakunda kuvuga menshi) ariko agira amatsiko, agashishoza, azi no gusesengura. Ntibyamutwaye igihe kinini Museveni abimukundire ndetse amushinge kuyobora uru rwego rw’iperereza(intelligence). Paul Kagame yabwiye uyu mwanditsi Stephen Kinzer nk’uko bigaragara k’urupapuro rwa 45 ati:”Aka kazi kansaba kugenda ibilimetero byinshi. Rimwe na rimwe noherezwaga mubilometero birenga 200, ngiye gushaka abantu bo kudufasha cyangwa ngiye gushaka ahantu heza hari ishamba ingabo zishobora kwihishamo. Nagombaga kubanza kwiga neza aho hantu nkamenya niba tuzahabona amazi ahagije, tukahabona ubwihisho cyangwa niba abantu baho bashobora kutuyoboka. Nashoboraga kuhamara iminsi, ibyumweru cyangwa amezi ndi jyenyine cyangwa mperekejwe n’abasirikare bake….




Muri ako kazi twahuriragamo n’ibintu byinshi cyane. Hari nk’igihe twashoboraga kuba turi nko mubilometero 300 y’aho dukambitse tukazamenya ko hari ingabo ziri muri Units runaka  zasubiranyemo cyangwa se zihanganye n’umwanzi. Nahitaga noherezwayo ngo njye kureba uko byifashe mbashe no gusubiza ibintu k’umurongo…. Hari n’igihe twagendaga mumihana bukaducyeraho tutaragera ahantu hacu ho kwihisha. Twahuraga n’abantu bakadutahura bagatangira kutuvugiriza induru. Twarabafataga tukabatera ubwoba ko nibakomeza kutuvugiriza induru dushobora kubica. Twarabashoreraga urugendo rurenze amasaha 2 twagera aho dushobora kubona ubwihisho tukabirukana ngo batahe.”




Baje gufata Kampala tariki 26 Mutarama 1986 bamaze kugira ingabo 15,000 muri izi ngabo 500 bari abanyarwanda. 1979 abanyarwanda bari barashinze igisa n’ishaka bise ‘Rwandan Refugee Welfare Foundation’. Iyi RRWF niyo baje guhinduramo RANU mu mwaka wa 1980. Mu Ukuboza 1987 mu nama yabereye i Kampala, RANU baje kuyihindura izina iba RPF Inkotanyi.




Kuwa 10 Kamena 1989 yashinze urugo na Jeanette. Mu gihe yari muri gahunda z’ubukwe yatangiye kubona za raporo zimumenyesha ko President Museveni arimo ategura kumwohereza mumahugurwa ya gisirikare muri Nigeria. Fred Rwigema nawe yaje kumenya ko nawe Museveni ategura kumwohereza muri America mumahugurwa. Ikigoroba kimwe Fred yagiye kureba Kagame iwe mubiganiro bagiranye Paul Kagame yasabye Fred Rwigema wari umuyobozi wa RPF icyo gihe ko yasaba Museveni kutamwohereza mumahugurwa. Yamubwiye ati:”Dore ugiye muri America nanjye noherejwe Nigeria. Abandi ba ofisiye nabo baroherezwa muburusiya. Urabona ibi ntacyo bigamije”. Basoza ikiganiro amubwira ati: Fred ntugomba kwemera kugenda kuko nk’umuyobozi wa RPF ntugomba kwemera kugenda kuko RPF igomba gukomeza. Ugomba kubwira Museveni ko urushye kubera akazi kenshi ko kuva Tanzaniya na hano mu gihugu kandi ko ukeneye umwanya wo kuruhuka no kwita kumuryango wawe. Natabyumva uhatirize. Umunsi wakurikiyeho Fred Rwigema yagiye kureba Museveni amusaba ko atajya mumahugurwa hanze y’igihugu; ariko Museveni yaramwangiye. Batandukanye Fred amusabye kongera kubitekerezaho.






Umunsi wakurikiye Museveni yohereje abantu kujya kureba Kagame bakamubwira ko agomba kwitegura kujya muri America aho Fred yagombaga kujya mumahugurwa. Akimara kubimenyeshwa yahise ajya kureba Fred iwe amubwira uko intumwa za Museveni zamubwiye. Nkuko yabibwiye uyu mwanditsi Kagame yabwiye Fred ati niba wumva nanjye nakwanga kujyayo umbwire mbihagarike. Ariko Fred yamubwiye ko abyanze nawe byatuma bacyeka byinshi bikagira ingaruka nyinshi kuri RPF. Bimvikana ko igihe cyose azumva bateye azahita agaruka akabasanga k’urugamba.
Ageze muri U.S Army Command and Staff College i Fort Leavenworth muri Kansas yasanze impapuro zose zanditse mumazina ya Fred Rwigema, bityo byamusabye gusobanurira abayobozi bicyo kigo ko Perezida Museveni yahinduye gahunda akohereza we.
Ibanga rya 7
Kuya 01 Ukwakira 1990, saa kumi za mugitondo, Fred Rwigema ayoboye abasirikare 2,000 hamwe n’abasivili 800 (abakada) bahise bagaba igitero cy’amateka i Kagitumba mu Rwanda. Iyi tariki bayihisemo bashingiye ko hari inama y’abana i New York kandi Museveni na Habyarimana bagombaga kuyitabira. Kwitabira iyi nama byasobanuraga ko Fred wari uyoboye ingabo zo mumajyaruguru ya Uganda kandi akaba yaratangaga raporo kuri Museveni ubwe, kujyana ingabo byari kuba byoroshye kuko ntawundi muri Uganda washoboraga kumubaza aho izo ngabo zingana gutyo azijyanye.
Paul Kagame akimara kumva ko bateye yahise ajya kureba umuyobozi w’ishuri amubwira ko ahagaritse amahugurwa kandi agiye guhita ataha Uganda. Uyu muyobozi ntiyigeze abyumva kuko iri shuri rya gisirikare abantu bifuzaga kuryigamo bari benshi kandi ntanarimwe yari yarabonye umuntu usezera atarangije amasomo. Paul Kagame yahise atangira kwitegura kuza k’urugamba gufasha bagenzi be. Atangira gutirura ibikoresho by’ishuri yari yarahawe.
Ku munsi wakurikiyeho Paul Kagame yatangiye kumva hari ikintu kidasanzwe ashingiye kumakuru yarimo kumva aturutse Uganda. Yabibwiye uyu mwanditsi muri aya magambo k’urupapuro rwa 66:” Nkurikije amakuru nabonaga natangiye kumva hari ikintu kidasanzwe cyabaye. Sinari ncyumva Fred. Ku munsi wa gatandatu cyangwa wa karindwi nahise mpamagara umuntu Uganda mubaza niba aheruka kuvugana ubwe na Fred Rwigema. Numvaga mfite ibicuro bitari byiza numvaga hari ikintu kitari cyiza cyabaye. Nahise mutuma kujya k’urugamba mu Rwanda kureba Fred akamubwira ko nifuza kuvugana nawe kuri phone. Niba kandi bidashoboka ko tuvugana uze kumbwira ko wamwiboneye ubwawe….Nyuma y’amasaha 24 nahamagaye iyo ntumwa ariko umufasha we ambwira ko ataragaruka. Naje kuvugana niyo ntumwa imenyesha ko Fred yitabye Imana. Namubajije icyishe Fred ambwira ko bigoye gusobanura.




Umufasha wanjye yabonye nahindutse ambaza ikibaye musubiza ko ntacyo. Nanze kumubwira ko Fred yapfuye kubera impamvu zikurikira: nabonye gusakaza iyo nkuru byari gutera ingaruka mbi. Ikindi umufasha wanjye yari kumva ko ubwo Fred yapfuye nanjye ugiye k’urugamba ntakindi kintegereje. Iyo nkuru yaranshegeshe cyane”.
Ubutaha tuzabagezaho uburyo Paulo Kagame asobanura:
•	Uburyo RPF yacitsemo ibice mbere yo gutera;
•	Ubutendo 4 Kagame avuga yakoze mu rugendo kuva America,
•	Amagambo ya mbere yabwiwe na komanda wa RPA akigera ku rugamba
•	Amayeri n’amacenga mashyashya y’urugamba




Source : ihame.org